46 HENRY HOWARD: THE EARL or SURREY
adverse comment by the people. The importance of economic
motives in political actions cannot be overstressed. The com-
moners hated Anne because they feared, despite Henry's assur-
ance to the contrary, that his repudiation of Catherine would
destroy their Flemish wool trade. As Anne was conveyed
through the City of London to her coronation the people in the
streets were so outspoken that at least two persons were sen-
tenced
for opprobrious words against the King [his marriage] to be com-
mitted [to prison] till the next Market-day, and then to be stripped
from the Middle upward and scourged in different parts of the
city, and their ears to be nailed to the Standard in Cheapside till
the Mayor cause them to be loosed.18
The Duke of Norfolk and Surrey were both in France.
Neither was summoned to return for the coronation; conse-
quently, they were not present to see their relative crowned
Queen of England or to admire Anne Boleyn's exquisite man-
ners at the coronation banquet in Westminster Hall, where
on the right side of the [Queen's] chayre stode the countesse of
Oxforde, wydowe, and on the left side stood the countesse of
Worcester all the dyner season, which diuers tymes in the dyner
tyme did hold a fyne cloth before the quenes face when she list
to spet or do otherwyse at her pleasure.19
The legality of his marriage to Anne established in England,
Henry VIII had nothing to gain—and many revenues to lose—
by postponing the break with the Pope. In consequence, the
royal assent was given by letters patent to the Act of Annates
on 9 July, 1533.
iv. Richmond and Surrey remained with the French Court
through the summer. The Duke of Norfolk joined them in July.
On the tenth of that month, the Court being then at Riom,
"about ij mile without the town, met with him [the Duke of
Norfolk], t[he Duke of] Richmond and my lord of Surrey,"20
who having word of his coming, had hastened to welcome their
relative.
18 Repertories 1495-1552 of the Guild Hall, London, rep. o, fol. 21; and rep. 10,
fol-16. 19 Hall, p. 804. 20 L. 6- P., VI, 831.